Major Functions Of The Skin Health And Social Care Essay

The covering is the biggest organ of the natural structure. Estimating somewhere in the range of 1.5 and 2.0 square meters in an adult, it frames an all-encompassing contact nation with nature. This contact presents a grouping of import difficulties, which the covering must run into so as to secure the natural structure. It other than gives of import possibilities, which the covering uses to keep homeostasis.See the difficulties and chances presented by contact with nature and partner them to the significant maps of the tegument.The integumental framework, abiding of covering, hair and nails, go about as a hindrance to shield the natural structure from the earth. A few difficulties and chances presented to the covering by the situations are ; introduction to daylight/UV Rays, bacterium, mechanical damage, synthetic mischief and thermic damage. The integumental framework goes about as a boundary in three different ways: a compound hindrance, a physical obstruction and an organic boundary. The integumental framework works with the insusceptible framework to make an organic hindrance. Particular cells in the covering revelation and demolish remote bacteriums. A physical obstruction comprises of troublesome, keratinized cells in the nails, covering and hair. These cells especially in covering and nails help secure the inner assortment meats and blood framework from outer ecological elements. Hair serves to minimalise creepy crawlies from crawling on the covering, shield the scalp from physical injury and control heat. A concoction boundary is other than because of climb. The covering has sweat secretory organs which emit substances onto the covering that stop the generation of bacteriums. The covering other than produces melanin which acts to shield bright shafts from the Sun by and by in spite of melanin ‘s defensive variables unnecessary Sun introduction will at last harm the tegument.2Explain how the developments of the skin add to its maps.35 % 437.5Answer The covering is the biggest organ in the integumental framework and has 2 significant constituents: the cutaneal film or covering and the accessary developments. The cutaneal film has 2 constituents: the fingernail skin and the corium. The fingernail skin is the external bed of the covering and the corium is a bed of covering between the fingernail skin and hypodermic tissues. The accessary developments comprises of hair, nails and multicellular channel organ secretory organs. The fingernail skin comprises of 5 beds ; the layer basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and horny layer. The Stratum basale is the external bed of covering, the layer spinosum is a bed of the fingernail skin found between the layer granulosum and layer basale. [ 1 ] This bed assists with preventing parching, the layer granulosum is the bed between the layer lucidum and layer spinosum, the layer lucidum is a dainty, away from of dead covering cells. It is found just in nations of middle covering, most detectably on the thenar of the authorities and the colloidal suspensions of the pess and in the end the layer horny layer is the peripheral bed and is loaded up with ceratin, which is comprised of dead cells. The corium is answerable for the quality of covering. Its central maps are to tweak temperature and to furnish the fingernail skin with supplement immersed blood. A great part of the natural structure ‘s H2O gracefully is put away inside the corium. The corium contains a large portion of the covering ‘s particular cells and developments, including: Blood vass, lymph vass, hair follicles, sweat secretory organs, oily, or oil, secretory organs, nervus terminations, collagen and elastin. The corium bed is comprised of two sublayers, the papillose bed, which contains a slender understanding of collagen filaments. The papillose bed supplies nourishments to pick beds of the fingernail skin and directs temperature. The second is the reticular bed which is thicker and made of thick collagen strands that are organized in simple to the outside of the covering. The reticulate bed reinforces the covering, providing development and snap. A bed of tissue that lies in a flash beneath the corium is the hypodermis or hypodermic tissue. The hypodermis comprises predominantly of free connective tissue and lobules of fat and Acts of the Apostless as a vitality unobtrusiveness. It contains bigger blood vass and nervousnesss than those found in the corium. The hypodermis contains: versatile strands, hempen sets, fat, blood vass, lymphatic vass, hair follicle roots, nervousnesss and musculus. The covering incorporates the undermentioned maps ; assurance, esthesis, heat law, control of vaporization, stockpiling and combination, absorbing, H2O resistance. The developments of the covering all work together to keep the of import maps.3You are applying on a hot twenty-four hours. Clarify two manners by which the integumentary framework acts to proceed homeostasis20 % 250AnswerTwo manners by which the integumentary framework acts to proceed with homeostasis are sudating and vasodilation. Homeostasis is a term for your natural structure ‘s capacity to tweak your inward region, and sweat is a representation of this. In the event that your natural structure temperature gets exorbitantly high, one of the homeostatic systems used to pass on your temp back to ordinary is sudating. Eccrine sweat secretory organs are the significant sweat secretory organs of the human natural structure, found in essentially all covering. Sweat is clear secernment that is essentially H2O and salt ( sodium chloride ) . Sweat arrives at the covering by means of a channel that opens remotely as a pipe molded pore. Eccrine sweat secretory organs are a very productive part of the warmth guideline framework, they are provided with nervus terminations that cause them to discharge sweat when the natural structure ‘s temperature gets too much high. At the point when sweat vanishes off the coverings surface it takes natural structure heat with it. On a hot twenty-four hours you could lose up to 7 liters of natural structure H2O. Another way the integumental framework acts to proceed with homeostasis is vasodilation. Blood vass giving blood to the covering can grow or widen †called vasodilation. This makes more warmth be conveyed by the blood to the covering, where it very well may be lost to the air by the by if the outside condition is each piece hot as or more smoking than the natural structure the solitary way to relinquish heat is through vaporization of sweat. This is an effective start of warmth misfortune each piece long as the air is dry, in the event that it is sticky vaporization happens at a much more slow rate go forthing the individual hot and irritated. At the point when the natural structure chills off the nerve center through the autonomic sensory system advises the ‘heat misfortune ‘ Center to trade off.4Indicate how maturing influences the covering and elucidate how these changes influence its typical map.15 %AnswerAs individuals age their cuticular cell supplanting eases back in this manner the covering starts to thin resulting in an expansion of wounding and different kinds of hurt. The greasing up substances gave by the covering organs that gives juvenile looking and delicate skin begin to go less proficient, following in dry irritated covering. Versatile strands and collagen filaments become less and stiffer so the covering has significantly less snap following in wrinkles. The reducing in Numberss of melanocytes and langerhans cells created can increase the risk of skin dangerous neoplastic infection in more seasoned age, especially if alot of bright pillars are ingested. UV pillars are a significant part to the celerity of coverings maturing. Over clasp, the Sun ‘s bars harm certain filaments in the covering called elastin. The separation of elastin filaments makes the covering hang and take more time to mend.Aging other than influences things underneath the covering ; loss of fat beneath the covering may follow in slackening covering, bone misfortune after the age of 60 can do puckering of the covering around the oral cavity, cartilage misfortune in the nose causes saging of the rhinal tip.Smokers other than will in general hold a larger number of wrinkles than non-smokers of a similar age. Skin changes related with maturing present curious employments for medical caretakers thinking about matured people.5Outline the nursing rules associated with covering consideration in the aged.15 %AnswerAged patients are inclined to climb cryings, ulcers, scratchs, disturbance and disease especially on the off chance that they are diabetic. On the off chance that legitimate covering consideration is non clung to, it can follow in injuries, dry/agonizing covering and even sphacelus. At the point when a matured patient is washing the temperature of the H2O ought to be warm rather than hot as matured individuals ‘s covering does non join as much oil as it one time did, if all the oil is washed off, their covering is progressively vulnerable to breakage, which can take to contamination. A gentle cleanser ought to ever be utilized as it is non harsh on their covering and prevents it from going prohibitionist. Because of the loss of normal oils in the covering, it is important to utilize a saturating moisturizer after a shower and on numerous occasions through the twenty-four hours. Utilizing a lotion assists cut with bringing down the tingling, and the likeliness of disease. It is non unprecedented for some matured patients to be kept to their bed 24 hours a twenty-four hours. This is when skin consideration is basic, especially in the event that they are incontinent of digestive tract and vesica, washing and drying the nation all the time can chop down the risk of a fungous disease shaping. Matured covering must be seen all the time to investigate for changes, for example, moles. Imprint SHEET. Exercise manual 3 Integumentary framework Question Stamps out of 100 Imprints Awarded first marker second marker Concur 1 15 2 35 3 20 4 15 5 15 Whole 100 Last Agreed Mark Exercise manual 1 Exercise manual 2 Exercise manual 3 Closing Percentage

The History of the Answering Machine

The History of the Answering Machine As indicated by Adventures in Cybersound, the Danish phone specialist and creator Valdemar Poulsen protected what he called a telegraphone in 1898. The telegraphone was the main useful device for attractive sound chronicle and multiplication. It was a quick contraption for recording phone discussions. It recorded, on a wire, the differing attractive fields created by a sound. The charged wire could then be utilized to play back the sound. Early Developments Mr. Willy Mã ¼ller imagined the main programmed replying mail in 1935. This replying mail was a three-foot-tall machine famous with Orthodox Jews who were prohibited to pick up the telephone on the Sabbath. The Ansafone, made by creator Dr. Kazuo Hashimoto for Phonetel, was the primary replying mail sold in the USA, starting in 1960. Great Models As per Casio TAD History (Telephone Answering Devices), Casio Communications made the cutting edge phone noting gadget (TAD) industry as we probably am aware it today by presenting the first monetarily suitable replying mail a fourth of a century prior. The item the Model 400-is currently highlighted in the Smithsonian. In 1971, PhoneMate presented one of the first monetarily reasonable replying mail, the Model 400. The unit gauges 10 pounds, screens calls, and holds 20 messages on a reel-to-reel tape. A headphone empowers private message recovery. Computerized Innovation The principal computerized TAD ​was imagined by Dr. Kazuo Hashimoto of Japan in mid-1983. US patent 4,616,110 entitled Automatic Digital Telephone Answering. Voice message U.S. Patent No. 4,371,752 is the pioneer patent for what developed into voice message, and that patent has a place with Gordon Matthews. Gordon Matthews held more than thirty-three licenses. Gordon Matthews was the organizer of the VMX organization in Dallas, Texas that created the primary business phone message framework, he has gotten known as the Father of Voice Mail. In 1979, Gordon Matthews framed his organization, VMX, of Dallas (Voice Message Express). He applied for a patent in 1979 for his voice message innovation and offered the principal framework to 3M. At the point when I call a business, I like to converse with a human - Gordon Matthews.

Back and ready for action!

Back and ready for action! It feels good to be back at the Tute!!! My family drove me up to Boston on Friday night. We expected to hit a lot of traffic, considering the fact that it was the Friday before Labor Day weekend, but we were pleasantly surprised to find NO traffic at all (not even near Manhattan *gasp*.) Perhaps the ungodly gas prices kept people at home. The only line that we did face was while waiting to fill up our tank at a NY rest stop for a whopping $3.19 per gallon, which was a good deal at the time. It seemed that the lanes with the gas pumps on the right had much shorter lines than those on the left, so a clever minivan driver decided to turn around and back-up into the pump to save some time. Since I thought the driver was potentially a fellow Engineer, I took a snapshot. Though I love driving, I am definitely happy that I will not have to surrender my wallet at any gas stations for the next few months. Unfortunately, my modes are transportation are even more limited now that my bike is locked up in the bike room that nobody can seem to find the key to! Anyway, we made it to Boston and were greeted by glorious weather and a rockin campus. My parents are both architects so they hosted their own show, which they have called Extreme Dorm Makeover. For anyone who hasnt seen the original show, a group of interior decorators and a contractor take over a house and completely transform it in one week, while they send the original owners on vacation. Unfortunately, I wasnt sent to Hawaii or Disney World, but I did witness a dramatic transformation. I loved our room to begin with, since its a half-solar double that faces the river and has two walls of continuous windows (yay Next House! All the rooms on the 2nd floor have tons of windows.) My friend, Kevin (08), just visited and hes proposed to be roommates next year to take advantage of free interior decoration services. Good thing I saw straight through him. One of the views: My litter sister and me: On Saturday night, after a long day of unpacking, my family went to my parents friends restaurant in Rhode Island. If youre ever itching for really good Mediterranean food and a nice mini-break, I would highly recommend this place. The restaurant is called Bay Leaves, in Kingston, RI, which is about thirty minutes from Providence. The commuter rail runs to Providence, so its a fun (and cheap) day trip. Id highly recommend visiting other cities for a change of pace, especially for freshmen (take advantage of pass/no record and see your friends at other schools.) In other news, Rush is in full swing! Ive been helping Chi Phi, but everyone has been having a blast chilling at luaus, paintballing, going to the beach, canoeing, dancing, and much, much more! Its a great time to check out the different living groups on campus so hopefully everyone is making the most of it.

Tim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow Essay - 3225 Words

Comparing Tim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow with Washington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† In examining Washington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† alongside Tim Burton’s film adaption of the story, titled â€Å"Sleepy Hollow,† a number of fascinating similarities and differences emerge. Though elements of the characters and settings of Burton’s film borrow heavily from Irving’s text, the overall structuring of the film is significantly different, and representations of various elements are crucially re-imagined. Tim Burton’s â€Å"Sleepy Hollow† was released on November 19, 1999, a few months before the new millennium. Set in 1799, Burton’s film modifies the 1790 date that Irving’s text is set in, showing an acute concern with†¦show more content†¦There is no narrator at all in Burton’s film, and the action that the characters experience is firsthand, not retrospective or omniscient. Such a move takes away from the â€Å"folk legend† element of the story, trans forming it into a supernatural spectacle for on the screen instead of a possibly-supernatural tale for around the fireplace. The ways in which Irving and Burton code the city and the country in their respective productions is similarly impacted by the periods in which each man was working. Irving’s â€Å"Sleepy Hollow† emphasizes local culture and the power of myth making within these cultures. In Irving’s town of Sleepy Hollow, the tale of the headless horseman reigns, but does not extend outside of the local realm, and does not necessarily physically manifest: when Ichabod leaves for the city at the end of the narrative, the horseman does not follow him. However, in Burton’s adaption, the tale of the headless horseman is not merely local folklore, but becomes elevated to the level of metropolitan ‘news’ through the literal act of murder instead of the mere legend of murder. Crime, then, elevates the cultural status of the horseman from loca l legend to state-wide murder suspect. Irving’s story, noted by scholars such as Daniel Hoffmann for its powerful interpretation of local myth and mythic tropes, is transported into the realm of the metropolitan through the re-characterization of New York asShow MoreRelatedThe History of Sleepy Hollow1224 Words   |  5 PagesTim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow recounts the unfortunate events of the rise of a ghoulish horseman from the grave reeking havoc on the small town of Sleepy Hollow. Icahbod Crane must find the so-called â€Å"ghost† in order to prove his investigational methods worry to the city of New York. Though this tale does not come from any certain historical truth but Burton’s rendition of the story comes from many years ago. Though he does make several artistic decisions that may differ somewhat from the original accountRead MoreEssay on Sleepy Hollow Book vs Movie667 Words   |  3 Pagesenchanted region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of a ll the powers of the air, is the apparition of a figure on horseback without a head.† Although the movie Sleepy Hollow is based upon the book The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, there are also distinctions which allow each to tell their own tale. Washington Irving’s short story inspired Tim Burton’s film but did not limit it. The foundations of the two are much the same but their story lines unfold diversely. Some of the similarities include the settingRead MoreGothic Genre Explored in Tim Burtons Films Essay3011 Words   |  13 PagesGothic Genre explored in Tim Burtons films Essay Tim Burton is successful in creating horror films such as Edward Scissor Hands (1990), Nightmare before Christmas (1993) and Sleepy Hollow (1999), through his incorporation of Gothic Elements within the setting, flawed hero and the manifestation of the sense of dread and terror. A horror film can be defined as a motion picture that seek to elicit a negative emotional reaction from the audience by playing on the viewer’s most primal fears. This isRead MoreSleepy Hollow: The Film and The Story Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesWashington Irving’s short story, â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† was adapted into a movie titled â€Å"Sleepy Hollow† directed by Tim Burton nearly two centuries after the original publication. When the story was adapted as a film, several extensive changes were made. 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His use of cinematic techniques created incredible worlds beyond imagination. People from all over find themselves pulled into the originality of his stories and the depth of his characters. His ingenious use of sound, lighting, and shots and framing create diverse and colorful masterpieces. First off, sound makes up a large part of film making, especially a Tim Burton film. For example, in The NightmareRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Opening Scenes Of Tim Burtons Corpse Bride And The Nightmare Before Christmas1010 Words   |  5 PagesContrast Essay of the Opening Scenes of Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride and The Nightmare Before Christmas This essay compares and contrasts the similarities and the different parts of the opening scenes of two movies of Tim Burton which are Corpse Bride and The Nightmare Before Christmas. The scenes will be explained in details through the gothic elements and his unique style. Here is an outline of the essay’s main sections; 1. Introduction †¢ Information about Tim Burton and his unique style Famous forRead MoreWashington Irving Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle, and The Devil and Tom Walker. Each of these works left a mark on American fictional literature. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, from The Sketch Book by (pen name) Geoffrey Crayon. This story was turned into an operetta by Douglas Moore, entitled The Headless Horseman. Also, it was revived as a Disney animated film The Adventures of Ichabold and Mr. Toad, as well as the 1999 version of the short story, Tim Burtons Sleepy Hollow (starring ChristinaRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim Burton s The Nightmare Before Christmas 1431 Words   |  6 PagesWhether it was through childhood or as an adult, Tim burton has been in everyone’s lives. He has produced, directed, and written the greatest movies of all time. A couple favorites would be, Beetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare Before Christmas, and Sleepy hallow, to just name a few. He was won 20 awards and has been nomi nated 56 times (IMDb). Everyone loves his dark, gothic, eerie, horror and fantasy films. Ever since he was in high school, he was recognized for his great talents, andRead MoreTheme of Horror in the Sleepy Hollow Essay2188 Words   |  9 PagesTheme of Horror in the Sleepy Hollow The film Sleepy Hollow is a fantasy/gothic horror film; the rating 15 tells us it probably has some gore in it. As we watch the film, some parts could also be described as thriller. The director Tim Burton is known for his love of Hammer horror films and before starting work on this film he encouraged his team to watch Hammer horror films like Black Sunday and The Fearless Vampire Killers, as this was the effect he wanted to

Unusual Facts About Civil Rights Essay

Unusual Facts About Civil Rights Essay Here's a sample essay that attempts to answer the above mentioned question. To begin with, you may use reasons backed by facts to talk in your favor. If you'd like to contribute a question to this page, please get in touch with us. A superb question, with an easy answer. You may even suggest the reader to additional research on your topic. In truth, it can be both positive and negative based on how you attack the topic. It doesn't mean that you have to have a negative approach in your topic. Thus, forming the introduction won't be difficult. The New Fuss About Civil Rights Essay Civil disobedience is understood to be the refusal to obey civil laws as a means of securing reforms. If we are intent on healing the damage resulting from slavery and Jim Crow laws, we have to respond with real, tangible action. These rights enable you to become whomever you would like without fear or reproach. Kennedy explains that each child ought to have an equal ability or motivation to be prosperous. The Supreme Approach to Civil Rights Essay Because civil rights are enforced by nations, it's tough to establish a worldwide standard for civil rights protection, regardless of the efforts of global governance bodies like the United Nations. Totally free Civil R ights essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. The matter of Civil Rights and Liberties in the Civil Rights Movement movie has great influence on American society, many years back, and today. It was established based on a series of events that occurred in the duration of several years. At this time, it's important to analyze the historical facet of the American Dream. Moreover, there are 3 main elements that have made the American Dream possible. Very often receiving gifts makes people think that receiving is far better than giving, which isn't accurate. It is essential to not only analyze the connection between the brothers and Sonny's drug usage, but in addition the historical setting of the story to be able to understand James Baldwin's Sonny's Blues. The essay topics within this lesson give your students different techniques to think through the source of the Civil Rights Movement. If you would like excellent paper essay examples, reach out to us here today and we are going to do our very best to give you the most suitable aid. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. It's because we'll be speaking about how to compose a vital essay. Civil Rights Essay: the Ultimate Convenience! This writing company makes sure their papers are all the good quality and all the customers are happy. Together with the topics, you'd come across loads of papers at no cost. In order in order to deliver a superior paper on civil rights, you must be in a position to do proper research so you can find with and aptly deal with a few of the challenges and issues that have arisen through the years. If you wish to find high excellent research and thesis papers in time and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. It's possible to even locate a synopsis of the book or movie if this helps you. These questions should elicit family stories that are going to be helpful for you. Following that, you can proceed to compose a quick background information regarding the movie or book. Discuss what can be done in order to make sure that equality prevails. Civil rights laws make an effort to guarantee full and equal citizenship for people that have traditionally been discriminated against on the grounds of some group characteristic. In conclusion, it's apparent that in order for absolutely any genuine civil rights movements to occur the usage of motivation and having a leader is demanded. There isn't any doubt that civil rights movement proved to be a wonderful success and caused a considerable shift of beliefs in society. Civil Rights Essay There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You'll receive your high quality plagiarism-free paper depending on your deadline! Their reliability cannot be questioned by customers. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver.

Amazon in E-Commerce Free Essays

Question 1: How has Amazon.com and their use of internet changed the retailing industry? Give examples. Answer: 1 Amazon. We will write a custom essay sample on Amazon in E-Commerce or any similar topic only for you Order Now com has revolutionized the selling and purchasing of all products over the internet. It started with selling books over the internet and progressed in selling almost all consumer goods within a short span of time. Its engineering and quality principals make sure that all the various standard compliances are met and justified for improving the system behavior for its customers. Customers have now moved from the brick and mortars model, a traditional model for purchase of products, to the click and mortars model for ease of access, anytime anywhere access, take part in auctions and avail several promotion offers and gifts. The very perspective towards retail buying has been changed by Amazon.com. The virtual store concept is quite likely followed by many retailers after the success of Amazon.com and they have created a benchmark for its products and selling models define the very success over the long period since its inception. Question 2: Comparisons have been made by giant bookstore retailer Barnes Nobles and Amazon.com. Barnes and Noble operate dozens of bookstores in many local communities. Yet Amazon.com’s reach goes anywhere and everywhere with the Web. What, in your opinion, should Barnes and Nobles do to compete with Amazon.com? Answer 2: Barnes and Nobles must identify the very future requirements for its physical bookstores and come up with â€Å"click and mortars† model for fetching the right customer focus and model. Identifying the competition around and the changing outlook of the customers towards decision making for purchasing products is the greatest differentiator for change. The decision making for taking the business of Barnes Nobles over the internet would make sure that all the various present disadvantages would be capitalized upon. The brand mark of Barnes Nobles makes sure that every activity towards the envelopment of skyrocketing technologies would develop into a mammoth in promoting its success and growth. Only setting up the website is not enough. The representation model, sound engineering techniques, quality standards and affiliation techniques makes sure that its representation over the internet is strong and makes a presence really promising. Question 3: In order to more quickly realize and sustain its profitability should Amazon.com have remained a solely clicks based e-business (without warehouses) selling only books? Why or why not? Answer 3: Amazon’s decision to cater to several products would definitely move its primary base of selling books to other products. This is a sort of erosion of its primary brand which it created for selling books. The very brand creation and sustenance for selling books online had created a larger market share for book selling. The various bookstores at that time were in greater risk concerning their sales as Amazon grew in its market share for selling books. It was a brand which no one could deny. Its decision towards clicks business for selling other products over books makes sure that monopoly was broken to some extent and other small to medium sellers in the market found opportunity to make some business. These created a balanced view for existence in the marketplace allowing every dimension of sellers and customers to interact for good. Another reason for making the right move is for long term business continuity and spreading its wing to several other products which did not make it to the internet in that era. Amazon’s decision to be clicks based business must be changed into â€Å"clicks and mortars† business model for improving its supply chain by making it efficient and effective. The effective supply chain would cut down extra costs of transportation and shipping and would in turn create trust for its safety and quality policies. Warehouses would make sure that timely delivery of products can be made at lesser costs, which otherwise would create a sense of misunderstanding and evolve privacy and security aspects to a larger scale. Question 4: How can Amazon.com complete Bezos’s vision? What do they need to do to individualize their services to 25 million customers? Answer: 4 Amazon.com must fetch the customers according to their tastes and product liking. The following can be the various options that can be exercised: Provide a survey with questionnaires of what is important, how it can be bettered, what else is desired and so on. The survey questions would serve quite helpful in fetching the right suggestion from its customers to in turn get them everything they desire. The adoption of B2B and C2C model where various sellers and buyers can meet for selling the products of their choice. This would help users to customize according to their preferences so that more number of customers is fetched for purpose. The customer logs must be duly analyzed for fetching the right decision and data mining approaches to the vast data can be devised for getting the facts out for better customization of products and services. Request boxes and techniques must be presented so that in case a customer fails to find exactly what he desires, he can make a request for the new product. This would help to fetch the needs in micro detail for better capturing of the customer base. The above approaches would enhance Bezos’s vision to cater to individual needs and demands. Amazon is a virtual reseller, one of the main new intermediaries (Sarkar, 1996.) They are an electronic-commerce only intermediary; business and customer relationship management (CRM) is conducted purely via their website; a virtual marketplace with no direct contact between buyers and sellers. Amazon have created a virtualized value system through their accelerated ordering, delivery and payment of goods and services, while reducing operating and inventory costs associated with traditional bricks and mortar stores. This model demands a change to bring every buyer and seller to meet for catering individualized services. References Sarkar, M., Butler, B. Steinfield, C. (1996) Intermediaries Cybermediaries.       How to cite Amazon in E-Commerce, Essay examples

Variations on Love Essay Example

Variations on Love Essay In Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Variations of the Word Love,† the speaker disregards society’s superficial definition of love because love is a powerful emotion, not just a word. She provides an insight into how the word love should be used. The speaker implies that society views love as a utility word. The speaker metaphorizes love as a word that is used to fill the gaps. She states that love is a word one uses â€Å" . . . for those read heart-/shaped vacancies on the page. . . † (Atwood 3-4) and that it â€Å" . . . is a word we use to plug/holes with† (Atwood 1-2). She also utilizes words such as holes, blanks, vacancies, and empty space to define love. This diction suggests that the speaker feels that love is a word that can be used to describe almost anything. The commercial aspect of love is also addressed in the first stanza of the poem. The speaker states that love is â€Å" . . . those red heart-/shaped vacancies on the page that look nothing like real hearts† (Atwood 3-5). She implies that you can â€Å" . . . Add lace/and. . . sell/it† (Atwood 5-7), meaning that love is visually attractive. The speaker supports this by stating, â€Å"There are whole/magazines with not much in them but the word love† (Atwood 9-10). The idea of love being used to sell product suggests that love is appealing to people because of its ability to be defined in many different ways. The speaker goes on to challenge society’s definition of love, stating, â€Å"How do we know/ it isn’t . . . † (Atwood 13-14). She states that society’s varied definitions of love suggest that love can be used to describe any emotion, object or activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Variations on Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Variations on Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Variations on Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She uses the imagery of a slug on the damp ground to provide contrast against the warm and affectionate aspect of love. She ironically puts these contrasting images side by side in one stanza to challenge the way society utilizes love. The speaker also utilizes imagery of â€Å" . . . weed seedling-/seedlings nosing their tough snouts up† (Atwood 16-17) and â€Å"soldiers, raising/their glittering knives in salute† (Atwood 19-20), which suggest†¦ The speaker then attempts to use the word love to describe a relationship that she is a part of. She feels that the word â€Å"is far too short . . . † (Atwood 23) and that love is not enough to describe the emotion that she is experiencing. The speaker uses passionate diction to contrast society’s definition of love and to set an emotional tone. She states, â€Å"It’s not love we don’t wish/to fall into, but that fear† (Atwood 28-29), which suggests that love is not a material object, but a rush of powerful emotions. She also utilizes the imagery of â€Å" . . . finger/grip on a Cliffside† (Atwood 35-36) to illustrate love as a decision, because â€Å"You can/hold on or let go† (Atwood 36-37). This strong imagery suggests that she must choose to hold on to what she knows or let go and succumb to the powerful feeling of love. According to the speaker, love is too sparse of a word to describe her emotions. She challenges society’s use of a four-letter word to describe such a deep and powerful sensation. She introduces her id ea that instead of using love, the single vowel â€Å"O† could be enough to explain such feeling.

Creating 10x Visual Content With John T. Meyer Of Lemonly

Creating 10x Visual Content With John T. Meyer Of Lemonly Exclusive interviews continue from Garrett Moon’s book, The 10X Marketing Formula, which features top marketing professionals who uncover uncommon marketing mindsets, methods, and growth strategies. In this episode, we’re talking to John T. Meyer, CEO and co-founder of Lemonly, which is a visual marketing firm. John started Lemonly as a way to educate people about how digital media is a way to reach customers, and eventually the business ended up specializing in infographics. Lemonly helped build and pioneer the infographics industry, and it has evolved into visual storytelling the secret sauce. Humans are visual creatures bombarded by messages; infographics make the world less noisy and confusing Infographics transitioned from visualizing data to a storytelling formula, where there is a beginning, middle, and end Core types of stories offer familiarity and ability to predict what will happen Lemonly starts with content by creating an outline that features the goal, 3 main points, and summary/call to action Web of Content: Where will content live to connect and hook pieces on mediums Issues related to driving traffic through visuals on various social media mediums Visuals grab people’s attention, but you need a good story for ROI Other options available, but Lemonly offers person-to-person relationships Examples of 10X ROI results from visual content Infographics fail and don’t live up to full potential when delivery is blurry, squished; don’t do all that work, and then stumble at the end. Links: Lemonly 9 Clouds 10X-Marketing Formula by Garrett Moon Donald Miller’s StoryBrand Canva Infogram Piktochart Pablo by Buffer Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by John T. Meyer: â€Å"We’re going to help really build and pioneer this industry of infographics, and now it’s really evolved to what we call visual storytelling.† â€Å"When we say info, or data, or content, it doesn’t necessarily have to mean quantitative.† â€Å"How do you tell a story in six seconds? I think you can, but it’s a different beast.†

Typing Spanish Accents and Symbols in Ubuntu Linux

Typing Spanish Accents and Symbols in Ubuntu Linux Typing Spanish characters on a computer keyboard laid out for English speakers can be cumbersome - but Ubuntu Linux offers a way to to make it easy with little interference to your English typing. The key to easily typing non-English characters - especially those from European languages including Spanish - is switching to different keyboard layout than the default. A more cumbersome method using the Character Map is also available if you type Spanish infrequently. How To Switch to a Spanish-Capable Keyboard The procedure for typing Spanish accents, letters and symbols as explained here is based on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus), the most recent stable version for long-term use. It should work in other distributions using the Gnome desktop. Otherwise, details will vary with the distribution. To change or add the keyboard layout in Ubuntu, select Preferences from the System Tools menu, and then select Keyboard. Click on Text Entry (other versions may say Layouts) to add or change the keyboard layout. For U.S. residents using English as a first language, the best choice (and the one explained here) is the USA International (with dead keys) layout. The USA International (with dead keys) layout gives you two ways of typing Spanish letters (and the letters of some other European languages) with diacritical marks, the dead-key method and the RightAlt method. Using Dead Keys The keyboard layout sets up two dead keys. These are keys that seem to do nothing when you press them. But what they actually do is affect the following letter you type. The two dead keys are the apostrophe/quotation key (usually to the right of the colon key) and the tilde/opening-single-quote key (usually to the left of the 1 key). Pressing the apostrophe key will place an acute accent (like on the à ©) on the following letter. So to type an à © with the dead-key method, press the apostrophe key and then the e. (To make a capital accented É, press and release the apostrophe, and then press the shift key and e at the same time.) This works for all of the Spanish vowels (as well as some other letters used in other languages). To type the à ±, the tilde key is used as the dead key. Press the shift and tilde keys at the same time (as if you were typing a stand-alone tilde), release them, then press the n key. (The location of the tilde key varies but is often to the left of the 1 key in the top row.) To type the à ¼, press the shift and apostrophe/quotation key at the same time (as if you were typing a double quotation mark), release them, and then press the u key. One problem with the use of dead keys is that they dont work well for their original function. To type an apostrophe, for example, you have press the apostrophe key and follow that with the space bar. Using the RightAlt Method The USA International (with dead keys) layout gives you a second method of typing the accented letters, as well as the only method for Spanish punctuation. This method uses the RightAlt key (usually to the right of the space bar) pressed at the same time as another key. For example, to type the à ©, press the RightAlt key and the e at the same time. If you want to capitalize it, you need to press three keys simultaneously: the RightAlt, e and shift keys. Similarly, the RightAlt key can be used in conjunction with the question mark key to make the inverted question mark, and with the 1 key to make the inverted exclamation point. These methods do not work the the Alt key on the left side of the keyboard. Here is a summary of the Spanish characters and symbols you can make with the RightAlt key: - RightAlt a- RightAlt Shift aà © - RightAlt eÉ - RightAlt e Shiftà ­ - RightAlt ià  - RightAlt i Shiftà ± - RightAlt nÑ - RightAlt n Shiftà ³ - RightAlt oÓ - RightAlt o Shiftà º - RightAlt uÚ - RightAlt u Shiftà ¼ - RightAlt yÃÅ" - RightAlt y Shift ¿ - RightAlt ? ¡ - RightAlt ! « - RightAlt [ » - RightAlt ] Unfortunately, the USA International (with dead keys) layout doesnt appear to offer a way to type the quotation dash (also called a long dash or emdash). Those who are familiar with Linux can modify the xmodmap file or use various utilities to remap a key on the keyboard to make that symbol readily available. How To Switch Between Standard and International Keyboards If you spend most of your time writing in English, the dead apostrophe key can become annoying. One solution is to install two keyboard layouts using the Keyboard configuration tool described above. To easily switch between layouts, install the Keyboard Indicator in one of your panels. Right-click on a panel, select Add to Panel and then select Keyboard Indicator. Once its installed, you can click on it anytime to switch layouts. Using the Character Map The Character Map provides a graphical display of all the characters available and can be used to select characters one-by-one for insertion in your document. In Ubuntu Linux, the Character Map is available by selecting the Applications menu, then the Accessories menu. The Spanish letters and punctuation can be found in the Latin-1 Supplement listing. To insert a character in your document, double-click on it, then click Copy. Then you can paste it in your document in the normal way, depending on your application.

E-commerce Data Privacy and Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

E-commerce Data Privacy and Security - Essay Example However, there are different domains that may portray a negative impact of using e-commerce based services. In this report, we have prioritized issues related to privacy of e-commerce and social networking based websites. As far as website developer is concerned, there are five points that are taken in to consideration in the context of a e-commerce based website privacy policy i.e. What information will be collected?, method of collecting this information, utilizing this information, what level of access does the customer and how to secure this personal information (States 2010). Moreover, we have also highlighted issues related to teenagers publishing every activity on a social network, as these sites are also illustrating negative impact in terms of incomplete and doubtful privacy policies. On the other hand, online buying experience is decreasing due to issues related to misuse of personal information and online hacking that is also referred as cyber-crimes. Furthermore, we have also evaluated several business-to-consumer websites, in order to demonstrate factors focusing on bad or good practices of privacy policy etc. In the end, we have concluded our findings along with the solution to these highlighted issues in the context of online privacy, which has become a major threat. Chapter 1 E-Commerce Overview 1 Introduction The Internet continues to modernize the world’s economy. It is apparently changing the way people live, study, work, participate, and devour. At the hub, of this rebellion is technology. Technology has moved from the "back office" to the leading edge. Namely, the interface between the customer and the organization has changed spectacularly. Increasingly, technology is shifting the organization’s associations with its customers from a... The Internet continues to modernize the world’s economy. It is apparently changing the way people live, study, work, participate, and devour. At the hub, of this rebellion is technology. Technology has moved from the "back office" to the leading edge. Namely, the interface between the customer and the organization has changed spectacularly. Increasingly, technology is shifting the organization’s associations with its customers from a "face-to-face" to a "screen-to-face" communication. The Internet is not an innovation that concerns only one or two sectors of the economy. Because it revolutionizes the way businesses should prudently systematize their activities and go to market, the Internet affects all economic commotions. The business that operates on the Internet is termed as ‘Electronic Commerce’, which has a remarkable history. The continuous research and development have enabled corporate organizations to reconstruct their business strategies. The inte gration of electronic commerce applications lays the foundation for the organization’s digital business process. Marketers around the globe, have experimented a lot on digital marketing in order to generate sales and customer loyalty. Unfortunately, most of them did not succeed. Likewise, the online customers espouse digital technology to be the preferred one for making purchasing decisions. Organizations, keeping this in mind, construct their marketing strategies by re-evaluating their budgets, processes, skills, and priorities.

Midterm Test 2303 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Midterm Test 2303 - Essay Example The land and climate in the two areas were different prompting them to have differences in the type of agricultural practices in each area. Chesapeake region was swampier making it hard to cultivate typical crops. However, five years after the settlement the colonist discovered that tobacco grew well in the area. The economy of the area, therefore, flourished through the growth of tobacco. Massachusetts, on the other hand, was not well suitable for larger farms instead families owned small farms and other put up home-based industries. With more Puritans migrating to the area the economy of the region flourished as they developed a large shipbuilding industry. Their business was prosperous to the extent that they were able to trade with England using their surplus. The Puritans' families always had enough manpower, therefore, did not need the free labor of slaves as it was with the tobacco farming in Chesapeake Bay colony. This also brings in another significant difference between the two settlements.The people in Massachusetts had a strong system which emphasized on religion as this was their main goal of settling in the area. Freedom of religion was not allowed and reading the bible was fundamental. Settlers who did not acknowledge Puritan religious ways were not allowed to own land. In Chesapeake, the situation was completely different and little attention was paid to religion. Most people were not very religious and the few who practiced did it according to the Church of England.

Wyeth Pakistan Limited Business and Financial Analysis

Wyeth Pakistan Limited Business and Financial Analysis 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC Business and financial analysis has been my area of interest during ACCA. I have already studied the models that I require to answer the research questions of this research project, namely Ratio analysis, PESTEL analysis, and SWOT analysis, RATIO analysis. This project came as a golden opportunity to demonstrate the practical application of my knowledge. It has always aroused my curiosity why some businesses outperform and why some underperform financially. This topic will utilize the financial and business analytical skills I have acquired so far and prove my skills once I get the degree in applied accountancy to prospective employers. The research will give me an opportunity to brush up skills that require searching internet for information. It will also brush up my spreadsheet capabilities. 1.2 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE ORGANIZATION I want to work in my uncle’s pharmacy in future. Knowing the pharmaceutical sector will give me an edge in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of suppliers of medicines. Most of the medicines I have seen in my uncle’s pharmacy are by Wyeth, therefore it aroused my curiosity. 1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The aim of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency with which Wyeth Pakistan Limited has been performing over the past 3 years in business and financial matters. The report will include the business analysis in terms of: Assessment of the macro environment of Wyeth using PESTEL analysis. Typical PESTEL factors to consider include: Factor Political Could include: e.g. EU enlargement, the euro, international trade, taxation policy Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal e.g. interest rates, exchange rates, national income, inflation, unemployment, Stock Market e.g. ageing population, attitudes to work, income distribution e.g. innovation, new product development, rate of technological obsolescence e.g. global warming, environmental issues e.g. competition law, health and safety, employment law (PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment) Assessment of the strategic capabilities of Wyeth using SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It accomplishes this by assessing an organizations strengths (what an organization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) in addition to opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential unfavorable conditions for an organization). (DANCA, Anthony C.) Assessment of Wyeth’s future prospects The financial analysis will include: Sales analysis: Sales analysis helps the company know it is meeting its sales objectives in a given timeframe. (MANDA, Gilbert) The analysis will include sales revenue and growth. Profitability Analysis: Every firm is most concerned with its profitability. One of the most frequently used tools of financial ratio analysis is profitability ratios which are used to determine the companys bottom line. Profitability ratios show a companys overall efficiency and performance. (PEAVLER, Rosemary) The analysis will include Gross Profit (G.P) ratio, Net Profit (N.P) ratio and Return on Equity (ROE). Liquidity ratios: A class of financial metrics that is used to determine a companys ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. Generally, the higher the value of the ratio, the larger the margin of safety that the company possesses to cover short-term debts. (Liquidity Ratios) The analysis will include Current ratio, quick ratio, debtor turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio. Investor ratios: The holders of the ordinary shares of a company (its equity) are interested in the return on their investment and the value of their shares. (Advanced Level Accounting, 1996) The analysis will include Earnings per share, Price Earning ratio, Dividend per share and dividend yield ratio. The research questions for my research report are: The growth in sales between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009? What is the effect of Governments price freeze policy on profits of Wyeth? What is the effect of the economic crisis of Pakistan on the financial performance of Wyeth? What was the effect of changing the policy of selling on credit to selling on advance on the working capital of Wyeth and hence its liquidity position? What are the strengths and weaknesses of Wyeth? How well did Wyeth perform compared to its major competitor GSK? How well is Wyeth utilizing its strategic capabilities? 1.4 OVERALL RESEARCH APPROACH I started my research by carrying out a financial analysis using ratios as the tool for my analysis. Most ratios can be calculated from information provided by the financial statements. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firms financials to those of other firms. (Financial Ratios) Then I carried out an analysis of the environment of Wyeth using PESTEL analysis. This was followed by SWOT analysis to assess its strategic capabilities. 2. INFORMATION GATHERING 2.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION PRIMARY DATA Information that has been collected at first hand. It involves measurement of some sort, whether by taking readings off instruments, sketching, counting, or conducting interviews (using questionnaires). (Primary Data) To gather primary data I tried reaching Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary, through his assistant. After persistent efforts I finally got an appointment. He was a charismatic person with a lot of knowledge. He enlightened me about Wyeth policies and answered many of my questions. He also handed me the annual reports of Wyeth and management accounts. For the purpose of collecting data I also emailed a questionnaire to a sample of employees of the organisation. The response was good. SECONDARY DATA Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. (Secondary data, 2011) My secondary sources of information included the following: The annual reports of Wyeth and GSK. News papers such as Business recorder, pharmaceutical literatures. ACCA text books especially for Paper F1, F3, F7, P3 and P5. News websites such as â€Å"The news† and â€Å"Jang†. Books that I found in the library of Superior college. Internet 2.2 METHODS USED TO COLLECT INFORMATION 2.2.1 Visiting stock Exchange: I visited the stock exchange to get the hard copy of the annual reports of Wyeth and GSK. 2.2.2 Interview: My interviews with Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary and Mr. Imran Baig, my mentor proved to be a good source of information. 2.2.3 E-Mail survey: I conducted an e-mail survey. The questionnaire was sent to different employees of the organization as a word attachment and asked them to fill up the word file and send it back as attachment 2.2.4 On-line Access: Various websites were visited for the purpose of research. The most important ones were the website of Wyeth, Karachi stock exchange, and Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. I also visited ACCA website for archives of student accountant articles. 2.3 QUESTIONNAIRE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USED The questionnaire was emailed after having it reviewed by the different department heads. The population I used was the one that was using an email. I had taken the email addresses from the records maintained by the company. The method I used for sampling was haphazard sampling. I chose the email addresses at random 2.4 LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION GATHERED Some information was collected from Wyeth website which may be favourably biased towards the organization. It is possible that in spite of all the efforts some information sources may not have been identified which could have lead to a different conclusion. The sample chosen for the email questionnaire might not be representative of the population The views of the company secretary about future prospects might be biased or over optimistic The information present on internet can be subject to the authors own judgements instead of presenting facts. 2.5 ETHICAL ISSUES DURING INFORMATION GATHERING As per the guidelines of Oxford Brookes university I was supposed to disclose the full details of the information sources that I used, but it was in the best interest of the employees of the organization to have their names kept anonymous so they do not face problems with their employer. I put special care into making sure the questionnaire kept the identity anonymous. During the interview with Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary I asked some questions about the new product launch of ENBREL and ORISTIQ. He was hesitant in answering at first but then I assured him that this information was publicly available, after knowing this he co-operated. 2.6 ACCOUNTING / BUSINESS TECHNIQUES USED AND THEIR LIMITATION The accounting/business techniques used for the project were as follows: 2.6.1 Ratio Analysis The term accounting ratios is used to describe significant relationship between figures shown on a balance sheet, in a profit and loss account, in a budgetary control system or in any other part of accounting organization. Accounting ratios thus shows the relationship between accounting data. The ratios analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial management. Though ratios are simple to calculate and easy to understand, they suffer from serious limitations. Limitations of financial statements: Ratios are based only on the information which has been recorded in the financial statements. Financial statements themselves are subject to several limitations. Thus ratios derived, there from, are also subject to those limitations. For example, non-financial changes though important for the business are not relevant by the financial statements. Financial statements are affected to a very great extent by accounting conventions and concepts. Personal judgment plays a great part in determining the figures for financial statements. Comparative study required: Ratios are useful in judging the efficiency of the business only when they are compared with past results of the business. However, such a comparison only provide glimpse of the past performance and forecasts for future may not prove correct since several other factors like market conditions, management policies, etc. may affect the future operations. Ratios alone are not adequate: Ratios are only indicators, they cannot be taken as final regarding good or bad financial position of the business. Other things have also to be seen. Problems of price level changes: A change in price level can affect the validity of ratios calculated for different time periods. In such a case the ratio analysis may not clearly indicate the trend in solvency and profitability of the company. The financial statements, therefore, be adjusted keeping in view the price level changes if a meaningful comparison is to be made through accounting ratios. Lack of adequate standard: No fixed standard can be laid down for ideal ratios. There are no well accepted standards or rule of thumb for all ratios which can be accepted as norm. It renders interpretation of the ratios difficult. Limited use of single ratios: A single ratio, usually, does not convey much of a sense. To make a better interpretation, a number of ratios have to be calculated which is likely to confuse the analyst than help him in making any good decision. Personal bias: Ratios are only means of financial analysis and not an end in itself. Ratios have to interpreted and different people may interpret the same ratio in different way. Incomparable: Not only industries differ in their nature, but also the firms of the similar business widely differ in their size and accounting procedures etc. It makes comparison of ratios difficult and misleading. (Accounting Ratios | Financial Ratios) 2.6.2 SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a tool that is used to evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of an organization and the external Opportunities and Threats faced by the organization in the external environment. Limitations of SWOT: The way SWOT analysis is often conducted does not allow for proper communication, discussion, and verification of all external and internal factors proposed by all involved. On such occasions, SWOT results prove less reliable an input to the strategy generation process than they are capable of being. Still worse, as documented later, the results of SWOT analysis are sometimes never meant to be used as an input to the strategy generation process. If that is known, or anticipated, by those involved in SWOT analysis, the quality of their inputs will most likely suffer and be lower than otherwise possible, and desirable.(KOCH, Adam J.) 2.6.3 Porter’s five forces analysis Porter looked at the structure of industries. In particular, he was interested in assessing industryattractiveness, by which he meant how easy it would be to make above average profits (forshareholders and to fund adequate investment). He concluded that industry attractivenessdepends on five factors or forces: Competitive rivalry between existing firms Threats of new entrants Threats of substitute products Power of suppliers Power of customers (Paper P3 Business Analysis Essential Text) Limitations of five forces model: Porter’s 5 forces of competition have a few weaknesses and limitations. The modelunderestimates the influence of a company’s core competencies on its ability to achieve profit.It, instead, assumes the industry structure is the sole determining factor. Porters 5 forcesdefinition is difficult to apply to large multinational corporations with synergies andinterdependencies achieved from a portfolio of businesses. Additionally, the five forcesframework assumes there is no collusion in the industry. Finally, Porter’s analysis doesn’tconsider the possibility of creating a new market. (Porter’s Five Forces of Competition , 2010) 3. ANALYSIS 3.1 PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR 2009 was a challenging year and witnessed modest growth in Pakistan’s economy due to uncertain law and order situation and global economic recession. The economy continues to witness double digit inflation; low economic growth and continued depreciation of the rupee against major currencies. During this period the pharmaceutical industry has been adversely impacted by both inflationary trends as well as Rupee depreciation. The government has not allowed any across the board price adjustment to pharmaceutical industry for nine years. Growth in pharmaceutical markets is mainly volume growth. (BENGALI, Iqbal, 2010) Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in Pakistan providing employment to thousands of people directly and indirectly. The industry, however, is facing many challenges, which are hindering its growth. The major challenge faced by the industry is the complete freezing of price of pharmaceutical products since 2001. Pakistan is the only cou ntry in the entire Asian region that has not given its pharma and biotech industry tax-breaks and R D incentives. Government’s requirement that drug production lines should be separate is raising cost and reducing the ability of local manufacturers to compete not only in the global market but even at home. (JAVED, Aamar, 2009) Pakistan has a very vibrant and forward looking Pharma Industry. At the time of independence in 1947, there was hardly any pharma industry in the country. Today Pakistan has about 400 pharmaceutical manufacturing units including those operated by 25 multinationals present in the country. The Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry meets around 70% of the countrys demand of Finished Medicine. The domestic pharma market, in term of share market is almost evenly divided between the Nationals and the Multinationals.(Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry) Pakistan’s $1.61 billion pharmaceutical market is now expected to post a five-year compound annual growth of 8.95 per cent, down from 9.39 per cent forecast in the previous quarter, according to Business Monitor Internationa l, a global business intelligence firm. (Pharmaceutical sector growth slowing down: BMI , 2010) 3.2 THE COMPANY As a result of the global acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer Inc.,on October 15, 2009, Wyeth has become a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.. Pfizer Inc has become the ultimate parent company of Wyeth Pakistan Limited. Wyeth however continues to be the principal shareholder of Wyeth Pakistan Limited. (AHMED, Khawaja Bakhtiar, 2010) Wyeth, with its pharmaceutical and over-the-counter divisions, is a leader in the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of a broad range of health care products. (WYETH PAKISTAN LIMITED ) 3.3 RATIO ANALYSIS The following ratio analysis is based on the Annual Reports of WYETH and GSK Pakistan. Comparison has been made with the results of GSK for FY2009 since these were the latest financials available. Ratios 3.3.1 SALES Analysis GSK 2009 Sales Revenue (Rs. in million) Growth in revenue (%) Cost of sales. (Rs. In million) Growth in cost of sales.(%) 14,719 9.8% 11,173 17% FY2010 2,310 0.17% 1,830 1.4% FY2009 2,306 3.3% 1,805 8% FY2008 2,384 13% 1,699 22% 3.3.2 Profitability Ratios GSK 2009 24.1% FY2010 FY2009 FY2008 G.P Margin N.P Margin ROE 20.82% 1.13% 2.58% 21.73% -3.77% 8.86% 29.87% 6.04% 12.73% 6.3% 11.5% 12 3.3.3 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Quick Ratio Debtors’ Days Inventory Days 3.3.4 Investor’s Analysis GSK 2009 3.2 1.6 25 67 FY2010 2.56 1.01 26 163 FY2009 2.71 0.98 38 144 FY2008 3.43 1.38 29 143 Ratios GSK 2009 5.5 20 5 4.6% FY2010 FY2009 FY2008 Earnings per Share (EPS) (Rs.) PE Ratio (Times) Dividend Per Share (Rs.) Dividend Yield 18.61 49.08 10 0.92% -61.09 _ _ _ 101.50 25.62 250 10.55% Comments on Ratios The operating results of currents year are for a 12 months period ended November 30, 2010 compared to the previous year which for an 11 months period ended November 30, 2009. Sales analysis. The growth in company’s net sales for the period ending 30 November 2009 reduced by 3.3% as sales were Rs. 2,384 million in year ending 31, December 2008 and in 2009 period it was Rs. 2,306 million which is due to challenging conditions of external environment in 2009. On the other hand cost of sales for year ending 2008 was Rs. 1,699 million which increased to Rs. 1,805 million in period ending 2009. It was an increase of 8% which shows that company does not have efficient policies to control its operational expenditure. In year ending 2010 overall sales increased by 0.17% but as we mentioned above that this period comprises 12 months comparing last 11 month period and if we compare like with likes then sales reduced by 8%. This is due to due to uncertain law and order conditions of Pakistan. But this year company showed efficiency in controlling its costs as this year cost of sales increased by just 1.4%. This could be due to training and development of employees as training on six- sigma was conducted after the losses incurred by company in 2009. This training was to increase efficiencies of employees to control the cost. GSK: Sales of GSK are in year ending 2009 were Rs. 14,719 million as compared to Rs. 2,310 million of Wyeth which is due to major market share of GSK. Out of to 20 products 9 are manufactured and sold by GSK. Profitability analysis GP Margin: In year ending 2010 gross profit margin reduced as it was 21.73% in year ending 2009 and it was 20.82% in year ending 2010. This decrease was mainly due to adverse economical conditions of country as inflation increased and cost of resources and operations increased accordingly. In period ending 30 November 2009 the GP margin decreased from 29.87% in 2008 and 21.73% in 2009. In year 2009 the profit also reduced as compared to sales which is also mainly to due to increase in cost of operations. On the other hand the government has not allowed an increase in price since year 2001. The GP margin of GSK is 24.1% for year ending 2009 as Wyeth has GP margin 20.82% in year ending 2010 which shows that GSK has more ability to control its cost and transfer it to its customers. NP Margin: In period ending 30 November 2009 the net profit margin reduced from 6.04% in 2008 to 3.77%. The major cause of this reduction in profitability was the economical condition of Pakistan. Costs of operations increased due to inflation and at the same time the devaluation of currency. However, company maintained control on expenses as their advertising and promotion costs were in line with last year. Administrative cost increased due to cost of Voluntary Separation Scheme. Other operating expenses were lower than last year. NP margin for year ending 2010 increased to 1.13% from -3.77% in the last year. This improvement was due to increase in efficiency of employees and efficiently controlling the operational cost of company as the operating expenses reduced by 10% in year ending. There has been a long stand price freeze by the government since 2001 due to which company was not able to earn abnormal profits. The net profit of GSK was 6.3% in year ending 2009 which also reduced as it was 14.6% in 2008. This shows that the industry was adversely affected by increase in operational costs and long standing price freeze by government due to which companies cannot pass their cost to customers. ROE: Return on equity increased for year ending 2010 to 2.58% as it was -8.86% in year ending 2009 this increased was due to increased operational efficiency of organization. While in period ending 2009 the ROE reduced significantly from 12.73% to -8.86%. . ROE of GSK is 11.5% in year ending 2009 as compared to % of Wyeth. Liquidity analysis. Current ratio: Current ratio indicates how many times the company’s current assents can meet company’s current liabilities. A ratio of 2 is considered sufficient for current ratio generally. In the period ending 30, November 2009 the current ratio reduced from 3.43 times to 2.71 times. This shows that the company can meet its current liabilities 2.71 times by its current assets. This decreasing trend could cause an alarming situation for Wyeth because a company can survive without profits for some years but without cash it can’t survive more than one year. So worsening condition of Wyeth needs effective and efficient policies for fund management. Current ratio for year ending 2010 reduced to 2.56 times as it was 2.71 times in year ending 2009. This shows that now company can meet its current liabilities by 2.56 times. A ratio of 2 is a standard for current ratio. Company improved its working capital condition this year as they changed their sales and distribution model from credit to advance cash. Current ratio of GSK for year ending 2009 is 3.2 times which shows strong policies of funding are in place. Quick ratio: Quick ratio indicates how many times company’s current assets can fulfill its current liabilities but it ignores inventory from current assets because in some organizations inventory takes times before it can convert to sales. Quick ratio of Wyeth is reducing quicker than current ratio for years ending 2009Quick ratio for period ending 2009 also reduced from 1.38 to 0.98 times which was an alarming situation for Wyeth. It indicates that major part of current assets consist inventory and company’s inventory increased from last year due to increase in cost of materials. . Ratio of 1 is considered a standard for quick ratio so company’s liquidity is worsening. Quick ratio improved in year ending 2010 which is 1.01 times as it was 0.98 times in 2009. This is due to improved working capital management policies as company received cash in advance instead of credit. Due to which company earned interest on deposits too. Quick ratio of GSK for year ending 2009 was 1.6 whi ch shows a healthy liquidity position. Debtors Days: Debtors turnover period indicates how many days debtors take to pay their debt to company. Debtors are part of working capital and for the successful operations of company good debtor management strategies need to be in place. In period ending 2009 the debtor’s turnover period increased by 9 days as these were 29 days in 2008 and 38 days in 2009. During this year due to inflation and devaluation of currency the company had to extend debtors turnover period as company made loss after tax this year. In year ending 2010 company’s debtor days reduced to 26 days as compared to 38 days in 2009 this also shows the improvement in fund management policies as this year company received advance cash from sales and distribution instead of credit. Debtor’s days of GSK for year ending 2009 were 25. This shows that debtor collection policies of GSK are more efficient than Wyeth. Inventory days: Inventory days indicate the period during which inventory of a company remains in its warehouse or in work in progress before it is finally converted into sales. Inventory holding initiates many expenses like warehouse, damages etc. which can be mitigated by good inventory management policies in place. Inventory turnover period in 2009 increased by 1 day as it was 143 days in 2008 and became 144 days in 2009. This increase was nominal but instead improvement this increase was due to decreasing in underlying sales. Inventory days increased this year too from 144 days in 2009 to 163 days in 2010. This increase was mainly due to increase in inflation and instability of prices in material. Sales for this year was lower than last year. Inventory turnover period of GSK in year ending 2009 was 67 days which is less than half of Wyeth. This shows that GSK has more efficient working capital policies and sales of GSK were more than Wyeth which is due to the higher market share of GSK. Investor’s analysis. EPS Earning per share can be used to indicate the profitability of a company. It shows the earning allocated to each common share. In period ending 2009 the EPS reduced badly by Rs.162 per share. In this year company’s EPS was -61.09. This major decrease was due to consistent inflation and devaluation of currency of Pakistan. These factors became the reason for increase in operational cost. And due to the price freeze by government the company was not able to transfer the cost to customers. In year ending 2010 EPS increased from Rs. -61.09 last year to Rs. 18.61 this year. This year company made a net profit margin of 1.13% which was loss of (3.77) % in last year. This improvement is due to controlling the operational expenses of the company this year. The EPS of GSK for year ending 2009 was Rs. 5.5 which is consistent with previous years. PE ratio: The PE ratio of Wyeth moved adversely during last years. In year ending 2008 the PE ratio was 25.62 times while In year ending 2009 the company’s made a loss. Which was due to increase in cost which company was not able to pass to customers. In year ending 2010 PE ratio improved to 49.08 times which was nil in last year this improvement also due to improvement in operational efficiency of company during 2010 as the company improved its cash position as well as its productivity. The PE ratio of GSK was 20 which show good performance of GSK compared to Wyeth. Dividend per share Dividend per share ratio indicates the dividend earned by an investor by holding one share of company. There was no dividend per share in year ending 2009 as company was in loss. This loss was mainly due to adverse environmental, economical, and political situations. In year ending 2010 company announced the dividend of Rs. 10 per share which shows the attractive position of company in this year. Company improve its profitability as well as its operational efficiency during year ending 2010 as retrospective measures taken in 2010 like training on six-sigma plan. The dividend per share of GSK for year ending 2009 was Rs.5 which also indicates that company performed well in such crises. Dividend yield This ratio represents the cash flows earned by the investor by investing each rupee in form of shares. In year ending 2010 earning yield improved to 0.92% as it was nil in year ending 2009. This improvement was due to improvement in operational efficiencies during year ending 2010 while economical and political instability remained consistent in year ending 2010. In the period ending 2009 company made a loss. While GSK’s dividend yield in this year was 4.6% which shows the good governance of GSK as compare to Wyeth. 3.4 PESTEL ANALYSIS PESTEL analysis is a tool which is used to understand external environment. It deals with external environmental factors like political, economical, social and demographical, technological, environmental and legal. By considering these factors we can judge the influence of all above factors on the operations and profitability of any company. Political factors. In political factors we consider the government policies like tax policies, their stability, political environment and institutions. In 2008 there was instability in political conditions of Pakistan which adversely affected the pharmaceutical industry. Policies of government about electricity price raises also contributed adversely to pharmaceutical industry. Government’s price freeze policy since 2001 also reduced the profitability because firms were not able to transfer their increasing operational cost to the customers. In the last quarter of 2008 government gave some relaxation on price increase but that was for some products that did not contribute too much to improve the conditions of profitability. Economical factors: Inflation (too much money chasing too few goods) remained the major problem of Pakistan in the last few years. Due to consistent rise in cost of electricity, labor, and fuel the profitability of pharmaceutical industry reduced as firms could not increase prices according to cost due to limitation by government policies. But demand in the public remained unchanged. Devaluation of Pakistan currency also adversely affected the industry as value of rupees consistently reduced against major currencies of world especially against US$. Due to which many firms had

Michigan

Despite the governor’s pretty language abot alternative fuels and efforts to create a partnership with Sweden for the development of alternative fuel use in Michigan, the state is still nowhere near where it should be in terms of use of alternative fuels. The reasons are simple and complex all at the same time. People don’t want to buy vehicles which use alternative fuels if they can’t buy that fuel at the local store and local stores don’t want to carry a product that no one is buying.  Ã‚   On a website for Ford Truck enthusiasts,   one consumer said he would love to have a biodiesel truck or a flex fuel Ford Ranger, but even with the incentives the state has adopted to promote the use of these fuels, they are not generally available at the corner store. In addition, Michigan’s incentives, such as a 12 cents per gallon sales tax credit on some alternative fuels, do not account for market fluctuations that are inherent in a system that relies on only ethanol and oil fuels. In the worst conditions, extreme versions of the summer of 2007, a drought in major corn-producing states could raise the price of ethanol and OPEC production games can increase the price of gasoline. Because biodiesel and other alternative fuels are not easily used in most vehicles, consumers are still caught in a Catch-22. Switching to one alternative fuel does not make it readily available. With diversification as the car manufacturers look for more efficient ways to propel their vehicles and save the environment,   consumers cannot be assured that their â€Å"alternative fuel† vehicle of today is not going to be an obsolete paperweight with no fuel available in just a few years. The sad thing is that for all the attacks on the automotive industry, Michigan and automakers are trying to come up with a solution for the environment and for business. Unfortunately, the businesses and researchers can’t agree on what the best alternative fuel source is.   Ethanol relies of the growing season, propane is still a fossil fuel and methane is difficult to transport safely. Biodiesel, a form of heavy vegetable oil, also requires good crops. With shifting weather patterns across the globe, manufacturers are loathe to rely on a system which necessitates a good growing season. Furthermore, many activists are now arguing that the farmland used to create corn and soy beans for use in alternative fuels further contributes to the global warming problem by destroying farmland. In short, Michigan is trying to address the alternative fuel needs of the state and the country, but until the technology and production capability meet, consumers are less likely to buy into the alternative fuel option than officials would like. Hybrids are popular, but largely unproven in terms of long-term mechanical durability and alternative fuel cars just aren’t attractive for mass consumption. Until Michigan can do something about the supply chain for alternative fuels and the reliability of cars built to use them, the alternative fuels effort in Michigan will be strong, but not terribly effective.

Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and The Flea all have...

Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and The Flea all have the theme of love in them Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and The Flea all have the theme of love in them. But they are not all the same theme of love for example Porphyrias Lover is obsessive and seductive love whereas; The Flea is more like sexual love. Robert Browning writes both Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess and John Donne writes The Flea. I think Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess are alike as Robert Browning uses similar themes of love in them e.g. Obsessive and Possessive. The Flea is a completely different poem altogether. It is more of a sexual poem rather than obsessive but it could be argued that it is obsessive as well because the male is obsessed†¦show more content†¦The Flea is quite alike Porphyrias Lover. The type of love that is used in The Flea is sexual love. In The Flea the poet attempts to seduce his mistress by overcoming her coyness through argument. The poem although sexual is also religious aswel, ‘ And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.’ This quote shows a religious side to the poem because she is being unreligious and she is making three sins as she is killing three people- The Flea, herself and the poet, the poet makes the Flea represent himself and his mistress and says, ‘Three lives in one flea spare.’ This poem ends with the mistress squashing the Flea and therefore killing their love. I think that this poem could be related to Porphyrias Lover a little bit because the poet is very keen and ob sessed with getting his mistress into bed but unlike Porphyrias Lover it is the male trying to seduce and bed his mistress not the other way around. My Last Duchess is more like Porphyrias Lover than The Flea because in this poem by Robert Browning he does not seduce his mistress instead he kills her. The type of love that is shown in this poem is possessive. This Poem is about a Duke and his Mistress, in the poem the duke gets jealous and possessive over his Duchess ‘ She thanked men – good! But thanked somehow – I know not how – as if she ranked my gift of a nine- hundred- years- old name with anybody’s gift.’ This quote not only shows how possessive theShow MoreRelated The Flea by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell6621 Words   |  27 PagesThe Flea by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell The Flea by John Donne is written in the 17th century as is To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell. This we can see by the language used which was typical of that period in time apt to kill me and yea which are taken from the flea. Both poems also speak of virginity being very important, especially before marriage because if a woman had lost her maidenhead before, the husband would have the right to leave her without

CESIM Simulation Overview of Marketing and Logistic Department Activities Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The marketing and decision making within the departments entail an elemental factor of development for the evaluator of the business engagement presented. In view of the trends within the handset industry, it is essential to reflect accordingly on various levels of engagements to develop strategic processes for the success of the department; thus, the entire context of this dissertation. Notably, the marketing process entails a configuration of the product to the customers and potential markets to promote the products accordingly (Blythe Megicks 2010). Therefore, theories entail a useful tool in the propagation of the marketing structures within the department to foster the success of the department in engaging the customers and expanded markets (Thomas, Housden Thomas 2011). The two applicable theories in this context will entail the product life cycle approach and Ansoff s theory. The product life cycle as a strategic approach to the department in marketing and logistics entails understating the various stages of the product life. The logistic approach to the lifecycle of the product entails the various elemental stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline of the product. We will write a custom essay sample on CESIM Simulation Overview of Marketing and Logistic Department Activities or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Further, the factor of consideration in the lifecycle also entails the maturity state of the product as perceived in the market by the customers.